1.Crop Production or Agronomy:
It deals with the application of plant and soil science for various annual and perennial crops that can be grown by farmers. The annual crops include cereals, legumes, garden peas; and perennial crops such as coffee, tea, and sugar cane, etc. It focuses in three areas namely:
i. Crop physiology is the study of the functions and responses of plants grown in different environments.
ii. Plant pathology deals with the causes of diseases, plant instabilities, and the treatment of plant diseases.
iii. Crop/Plant protection: It focuses on preventing damage from diseases, pests, and weeds. i.e. integrated pest and disease management
2. Horticulture:
It deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops. The six (6) areas in horticulture include:
i. Pomology: It deals with the cultivation of fruit plants
ii. Olericulture: It is the cultivation of vegetables such as French beans, cabbage, and tomatoes.
iii. Floriculture: It is the cultivation of flowers such as Jasmine, rose, and tulips.
iv. Arboriculture: it deals with the assortment, planting, maintenance, and removal of trees, shrubs and other woody plants.
v. Landscaping: Deals with the production, presentation, and maintenance of landscapes, flowers, and other plants.
vi.Viticulture: the cultivation and retailing of grapes.
3.Plant breeding and genetics
It deals with modifying the genetic structure and traits of plants to achieve desired traits.
4. Seed science
It deals with the structure of seeds and growth habitats from fertilization, egg development, and the growth of a new plant. The science of seeds is closely related to biochemistry, botany, genetics, and other biosciences.
5. Soil science
It is the study of soil properties in relation to soil use and management, classification, formation and mapping of chemical, physical, biological and fertility properties of
6. Animal science :
Animal production and health management, health, feed and nutrition, animal breeding, Animal welfare management
i. Nomadic pastoralism: This is the rearing of cattle herds while moving from one area in search of pastures and clean water.
Pastoralism
ii. Animal Husbandry: It is the care, rearing, and use of animals such as cattle, camels, goats, sheep and horses.
iii. Dairy farming: Keeping of animals for milk
iv. Beef farming: Keeping and managing cattle for meat
v. Poultry farming: It is the rearing of poultry birds such as chicken, goose, turkey, duck, pigeons, etc.
vi. Aquaculture: It is the science of fish farming.
vii. Beekeeping: It deals with the science of Beekeeping and the production of honey.
7. Agricultural Economics: The agricultural economy deals with agricultural products from a business point of view. It emphasizes on efficient utilization of scarce resources while reducing costs to maximize.
8. Agricultural biotechnology
It deals with the application of scientific techniques and tools, involving vaccines, molecular markers, genetic engineering, and tissue culture, to modify the genome of living organisms in order to develop improved organisms, for example of crops and livestock for maintaining an adequate food supply and meeting global food needs.
9. Agricultural Education and Extension: education and leadership positions in agriculture through extension services including teaching in schools and colleges
10. Forestry:
deals with the engagement in the extensive cultivation/rearing of perennial plants for the supply of rubber, timber, etc., as well as industrial raw materials.
11. Food Science and Technology
Among the known branches of agriculture, food science and technology use a variety of approaches to study food composition, processing, packaging, and selection of existing food products.
12. Agricultural Entomology
It deals with the study of insects with special reference to agriculture. It deals with insects which are pests of agriculture commodities & their control mechanisms.
13. Agricultural engineering is the branch of agriculture that deals with agricultural machinery and equipment. It also deals with the development of new systems and practices to address the problems facing agriculture. It also deals with the use and maintenance of agricultural tools, machinery, and structures. There are 3 branches of agricultural engineering:
i. Agricultural mechanization: the use of agricultural machinery to automate agricultural work, which greatly increases the productivity of agricultural workers and production efficiency, mechanization promotes large-scale production.
ii. Agricultural energy and machinery: deals with the use and maintenance of agricultural tools, machines, and structures are carried out.
iii. Agricultural structures: deals with farm structures used for growing crops, raising livestock, etc.
1.National institutions
2. Regional/ Global Institutions / Organisations
3. Self-employment (business, products, services)
4. Business companies
5. Food related professions
6. Agricultural engineering/Machinery professions
7. Academia / Research organisations
8. Government (National & County)
9. Industry / private sector:
(a)Seed companies
(b)Agrochemical companies
(c)Agro-industries
(d)Flower & Vegetable farms
10. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
11. International Organizations /
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
12. National Research Organizations
13. Parastatals
14. Professional bodies